TrainVectorRegression

Train a regression algorithm based on geometries with list of predictor to consider and a label (dependent variable).

Description

This application trains a regression algorithm based on geometries containing list of predictors to consider for regression as well as groundtruth labels. This application is based on LibSVM, OpenCV Machine Learning (2.3.1 and later), and Shark ML The output of this application is a text model file, whose format corresponds to the ML model type chosen. There is no image or vector data output.

Parameters

Input and output data

This group of parameters allows setting input and output data.

Input Vector Data -io.vd vectorfile1 vectorfile2... Mandatory
Input geometries used for training (note: all geometries from the layer will be used)

Input XML image statistics file -io.stats filename [dtype]
XML file containing mean and variance of each feature.

Output model -io.out filename [dtype] Mandatory
Output file containing the model estimated (.txt format).

Mean Square Error -io.mse float
Mean square error computed using the validation dataset

Layer Index -layer int Default value: 0
Index of the layer to use in the input vector file.

Field names for training features -feat string1 string2...
List of field names in the input vector data to be used as features for training.

Validation data

This group of parameters defines validation data.

Validation Vector Data -valid.vd vectorfile1 vectorfile2...
Geometries used for validation (must contain the same fields used for training, all geometries from the layer will be used)

Layer Index -valid.layer int Default value: 0
Index of the layer to use in the validation vector file.

Field containing the class integer label for supervision -cfield string
Field containing the class id for supervision. The values in this field shall be cast into integers. Only geometries with this field available will be taken into account.

Verbose mode -v bool Default value: true
Verbose mode, display the contingency table result.

Classifier to use for the training -classifier [libsvm|dt|ann|rf|knn|sharkrf] Default value: libsvm
Choice of the classifier to use for the training.

LibSVM classifier options

SVM Kernel Type -classifier.libsvm.k [linear|rbf|poly|sigmoid] Default value: linear
SVM Kernel Type.

  • Linear
    Linear Kernel, no mapping is done, this is the fastest option.
  • Gaussian radial basis function
    This kernel is a good choice in most of the case. It is an exponential function of the euclidian distance between the vectors.
  • Polynomial
    Polynomial Kernel, the mapping is a polynomial function.
  • Sigmoid
    The kernel is a hyperbolic tangente function of the vectors.

SVM Model Type -classifier.libsvm.m [epssvr|nusvr] Default value: epssvr
Type of SVM formulation.

  • Epsilon Support Vector Regression
    The distance between feature vectors from the training set and the fitting hyper-plane must be less than Epsilon. For outliers the penalty multiplier C is used
  • Nu Support Vector Regression
    Same as the epsilon regression except that this time the bounded parameter nu is used instead of epsilon

Cost parameter C -classifier.libsvm.c float Default value: 1
SVM models have a cost parameter C (1 by default) to control the trade-off between training errors and forcing rigid margins.

Cost parameter Nu -classifier.libsvm.nu float Default value: 0.5
Cost parameter Nu, in the range 0..1, the larger the value, the smoother the decision.

Parameters optimization -classifier.libsvm.opt bool Default value: false
SVM parameters optimization flag.

Probability estimation -classifier.libsvm.prob bool Default value: false
Probability estimation flag.

Epsilon -classifier.libsvm.eps float Default value: 0.001
The distance between feature vectors from the training set and the fitting hyper-plane must be less than Epsilon. For outliersthe penalty mutliplier is set by C.

Decision Tree classifier options

Maximum depth of the tree -classifier.dt.max int Default value: 10
The training algorithm attempts to split each node while its depth is smaller than the maximum possible depth of the tree. The actual depth may be smaller if the other termination criteria are met, and/or if the tree is pruned.

Minimum number of samples in each node -classifier.dt.min int Default value: 10
If the number of samples in a node is smaller than this parameter, then this node will not be split.

Termination criteria for regression tree -classifier.dt.ra float Default value: 0.01
If all absolute differences between an estimated value in a node and the values of the train samples in this node are smaller than this regression accuracy parameter, then the node will not be split further.

Cluster possible values of a categorical variable into K <= cat clusters to find a suboptimal split -classifier.dt.cat int Default value: 10
Cluster possible values of a categorical variable into K <= cat clusters to find a suboptimal split.

K-fold cross-validations -classifier.dt.f int Default value: 0
If cv_folds > 1, then it prunes a tree with K-fold cross-validation where K is equal to cv_folds.

Set Use1seRule flag to false -classifier.dt.r bool Default value: false
If true, then a pruning will be harsher. This will make a tree more compact and more resistant to the training data noise but a bit less accurate.

Set TruncatePrunedTree flag to false -classifier.dt.t bool Default value: false
If true, then pruned branches are physically removed from the tree.

Artificial Neural Network classifier options

Train Method Type -classifier.ann.t [back|reg] Default value: reg
Type of training method for the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network.

  • Back-propagation algorithm
    Method to compute the gradient of the loss function and adjust weights in the network to optimize the result.
  • Resilient Back-propagation algorithm
    Almost the same as the Back-prop algorithm except that it does not take into account the magnitude of the partial derivative (coordinate of the gradient) but only its sign.

Number of neurons in each intermediate layer -classifier.ann.sizes string1 string2... Mandatory
The number of neurons in each intermediate layer (excluding input and output layers).

Neuron activation function type -classifier.ann.f [ident|sig|gau] Default value: sig
This function determine whether the output of the node is positive or not depending on the output of the transfert function.

  • Identity function
  • Symmetrical Sigmoid function
  • Gaussian function (Not completely supported)

Alpha parameter of the activation function -classifier.ann.a float Default value: 1
Alpha parameter of the activation function (used only with sigmoid and gaussian functions).

Beta parameter of the activation function -classifier.ann.b float Default value: 1
Beta parameter of the activation function (used only with sigmoid and gaussian functions).

Strength of the weight gradient term in the BACKPROP method -classifier.ann.bpdw float Default value: 0.1
Strength of the weight gradient term in the BACKPROP method. The recommended value is about 0.1.

Strength of the momentum term (the difference between weights on the 2 previous iterations) -classifier.ann.bpms float Default value: 0.1
Strength of the momentum term (the difference between weights on the 2 previous iterations). This parameter provides some inertia to smooth the random fluctuations of the weights. It can vary from 0 (the feature is disabled) to 1 and beyond. The value 0.1 or so is good enough.

Initial value Delta_0 of update-values Delta_{ij} in RPROP method -classifier.ann.rdw float Default value: 0.1
Initial value Delta_0 of update-values Delta_{ij} in RPROP method (default = 0.1).

Update-values lower limit Delta_{min} in RPROP method -classifier.ann.rdwm float Default value: 1e-07
Update-values lower limit Delta_{min} in RPROP method. It must be positive (default = 1e-7).

Termination criteria -classifier.ann.term [iter|eps|all] Default value: all
Termination criteria.

  • Maximum number of iterations
    Set the number of iterations allowed to the network for its training. Training will stop regardless of the result when this number is reached
  • Epsilon
    Training will focus on result and will stop once the precision isat most epsilon
  • Max. iterations + Epsilon
    Both termination criteria are used. Training stop at the first reached

Epsilon value used in the Termination criteria -classifier.ann.eps float Default value: 0.01
Epsilon value used in the Termination criteria.

Maximum number of iterations used in the Termination criteria -classifier.ann.iter int Default value: 1000
Maximum number of iterations used in the Termination criteria.

Random forests classifier options

Maximum depth of the tree -classifier.rf.max int Default value: 5
The depth of the tree. A low value will likely underfit and conversely a high value will likely overfit. The optimal value can be obtained using cross validation or other suitable methods.

Minimum number of samples in each node -classifier.rf.min int Default value: 10
If the number of samples in a node is smaller than this parameter, then the node will not be split. A reasonable value is a small percentage of the total data e.g. 1 percent.

Termination Criteria for regression tree -classifier.rf.ra float Default value: 0
If all absolute differences between an estimated value in a node and the values of the train samples in this node are smaller than this regression accuracy parameter, then the node will not be split.

Cluster possible values of a categorical variable into K <= cat clusters to find a suboptimal split -classifier.rf.cat int Default value: 10
Cluster possible values of a categorical variable into K <= cat clusters to find a suboptimal split.

Size of the randomly selected subset of features at each tree node -classifier.rf.var int Default value: 0
The size of the subset of features, randomly selected at each tree node, that are used to find the best split(s). If you set it to 0, then the size will be set to the square root of the total number of features.

Maximum number of trees in the forest -classifier.rf.nbtrees int Default value: 100
The maximum number of trees in the forest. Typically, the more trees you have, the better the accuracy. However, the improvement in accuracy generally diminishes and reaches an asymptote for a certain number of trees. Also to keep in mind, increasing the number of trees increases the prediction time linearly.

Sufficient accuracy (OOB error) -classifier.rf.acc float Default value: 0.01
Sufficient accuracy (OOB error).

KNN classifier options

Number of Neighbors -classifier.knn.k int Default value: 32
The number of neighbors to use.

Decision rule -classifier.knn.rule [mean|median] Default value: mean
Decision rule for regression output

  • Mean of neighbors values
    Returns the mean of neighbors values
  • Median of neighbors values
    Returns the median of neighbors values

Shark Random forests classifier options

Maximum number of trees in the forest -classifier.sharkrf.nbtrees int Default value: 100
The maximum number of trees in the forest. Typically, the more trees you have, the better the accuracy. However, the improvement in accuracy generally diminishes and reaches an asymptote for a certain number of trees. Also to keep in mind, increasing the number of trees increases the prediction time linearly.

Min size of the node for a split -classifier.sharkrf.nodesize int Default value: 25
If the number of samples in a node is smaller than this parameter, then the node will not be split. A reasonable value is a small percentage of the total data e.g. 1 percent.

Number of features tested at each node -classifier.sharkrf.mtry int Default value: 0
The number of features (variables) which will be tested at each node in order to compute the split. If set to zero, the square root of the number of features is used.

Out of bound ratio -classifier.sharkrf.oobr float Default value: 0.66
Set the fraction of the original training dataset to use as the out of bag sample.A good default value is 0.66.

Random seed -rand int
Set a specific random seed with integer value.

Examples

From the command-line:

otbcli_TrainVectorRegression -io.vd vectorData.shp -io.stats meanVar.xml -io.out svmModel.svm -feat perimeter  area  width -cfield predicted

From Python:

import otbApplication

app = otbApplication.Registry.CreateApplication("TrainVectorRegression")

app.SetParameterStringList("io.vd", ['vectorData.shp'])
app.SetParameterString("io.stats", "meanVar.xml")
app.SetParameterString("io.out", "svmModel.svm")
app.SetParameterStringList("feat", "perimeter  area  width")
app.SetParameterString("cfield", "predicted")

app.ExecuteAndWriteOutput()